Sains Malaysiana 53(3)(2024): 501-518

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-03

Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal as Partial Fishmeal Replacement in Jade Perch Diet Cultured in Biofloc: Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Consumer Acceptance

(Tepung Larva Hermetia illucens sebagai Pengganti Separa Tepung Ikan dalam Diet Jade Perch yang Dikultur dalam Bioflok: Prestasi Pertumbuhan, Kecekapan Makanan dan Penerimaan Pengguna)

NORHAYATI ZAINORAHIM¹, NORHIDAYAH MOHD TAUFEK^1,5,*, POO BALAN GANESAN^3,6, GEOK YUAN ANNIE TAN²  & HANAN MOHD YUSOF⁴

¹Aqua-Nutri Biotech Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

⁴Fisheries Research Institute (FRI), Glami Lemi, Department of Fisheries, Titi, 71650 Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

⁵Ladang Mini, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

⁶Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Level 3, Research Management & Innovation Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 8 June 2023/Accepted: 16 February 2024

Abstract

A 12-week feeding trial on jade perch (Scortum barcoo) was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of partial substitution of fishmeal with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) in a biofloc system that requires minimal water exchange. The jade perch juveniles were subjected to three dietary treatments namely the 100% fishmeal (FM100), 50% BSFLM (BSF50), and a commercial diet (COM) with 20 individuals per treatment in triplicate tanks. Growth, feed efficiency, and body indices were measured throughout the feeding trial. There were no significant differences observed between the treatments in growth indicators such as the body weight gain (84.55 - 89.10 g), feed conversion ratio (1.77 - 1.87), specific growth rate (1.71 - 1.81 %/day), protein efficiency ratio (1.69 - 1.77), survival rate (90.00 - 98.48 %) and fillet yield (34.94 - 37.08 %). The condition factor is similar in all treatment groups ranging from 1.97 - 2.05. The crude protein and moisture content making up fish body composition are not statistically different among treatments, but higher crude lipids are obtained in the BSF50 (32.33 ± 5.27 g/kg) and COM (31.67 ± 2.76 g/kg). Higher hepatosomatic index (HSI) and visceral fat somatic index (VFSI) values were observed in BSF50 group at 3.13 ± 0.25 and 10.89 ± 1.68, respectively. Furthermore, sensory evaluation comparing the consumers' evaluation and acceptance of the fish cultured with the different dietary treatment and culture system shows that the group fed BSF50 and cultured in biofloc system received similar overall appreciation with the FM100 and COM group. In conclusion, BSFLM inclusion in the jade perch diet, combined with the biofloc system, is feasible to be explored further.

Keywords: Alternative feed; aquatic animals; biofloc technology; insect protein; sustainable aquaculture

Abstrak

Suatu kajian pemakanan selama 12 minggu ke atas ikan jade perch (Scortum barcoo) telah dijalankan untuk menilai hasil daripada penggantian separa tepung ikan dengan tepung larva lalat askar hitam (BSFLM) dalam sistem bioflok yang memerlukan pertukaran air yang minimum. Juvenil ikan jade perch telah diberikan tiga rawatan pemakanan iaitu 100% tepung ikan (FM100), 50% BSFLM (BSF50) dan diet komersial (COM) dengan 20 ekor individu untuk setiap rawatan dalam tiga kali pengulangan tangki. Pertumbuhan, kecekapan pemakanan, dan indeks badan telah diukur sepanjang ujian pemakanan. Tiada perbezaan yang signifikan diperhatikan antara rawatan tersebut dalam indikator pertumbuhan seperti pertambahan berat badan (84.55 - 89.10), nisbah penukaran makanan (1.77 - 1.87), kadar pertumbuhan khusus (1.71 - 1.81 %/day), nisbah kecekapan protein (1.69 - 1.77), kadar kemandirian (90.00 - 98.48%) dan hasil filet (34.94 - 37.08%). Faktor keadaan adalah serupa dalam semua kumpulan rawatan dengan julat 1.97 - 2.05. Kandungan protein kasar dan lembapan yang membentuk komposisi badan ikan tidak berbeza secara statistik antara rawatan, tetapi lemak kasar yang lebih tinggi diperoleh dalam BSF50 (32.33 ± 5.27 g/kg) dan COM (31.67 ± 2.76 g/kg). Nilai indeks hepatosomatik (HSI) dan indeks somatik lemak viseral (VFSI) yang lebih tinggi telah diperhatikan dalam kumpulan BSF50 masing – masing pada 3.13 ± 0.25 dan 10.89 ± 1.68. Selain itu, penilaian deria yang membandingkan penilaian dan penerimaan pengguna terhadap ikan yang dibiakkan dengan rawatan pemakanan dan sistem penternakan yang berbeza menunjukkan bahawa kumpulan yang diberi BSF50 dan dibiakkan dalam sistem bioflok menerima penghargaan keseluruhan yang serupa dengan kumpulan FM100 dan COM. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan BSFLM dalam diet jade perch, yang digabungkan dengan sistem bioflok, adalah wajar untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.

Kata kunci: Akuakultur mampan; haiwan akuatik; makanan alternatif; protein serangga; teknologi bioflok

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*Corresponding author; email: hidayah.taufek@um.edu.my